Disaster Through a Feminist Lens: Epistemology, Methodology, and Methods

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The foregrounding of gender and, more importantly, the ways in which power produces structures of inequality that shape gendered disaster vulnerabilities have given way to feminist theorizing on disasters. Since the 1990s, feminist works have raised critical questions regarding how conceptualizations of disasters, and the methodologies through which these are studied, have historically privileged androcentric perspectives. Viewing disaster through a feminist lens brings to light other dimensions of living with and responding to risk and disaster that are often elided in gender-blind approaches. For feminist research, theory and practice are not disconnected. Feminist research is explanatory as well as prescriptive, putting emphasis on the need for transformative change especially in unequal gender relations. This perspective is solidified in the ways that feminist approaches foreground the close connections between epistemology, methodology, and methods and the political/ethical orientations they embody. Applied to disaster studies, feminist research highlights the importance of: (a) placing gender and lived experiences at the center of analysis; (b) recognizing how power operates in these contexts; (c) exploring alternative means to represent lived realities through different methods; (d) embodying reflexivity in the research process; and (e) pursuing social, political, and institutional change. Applications of feminist methodologies in disaster studies have led to the development of innovative techniques in constructing alternative accounts of disaster experiences. These include but are not limited to feminist participatory action research, photo-based methods, and alternative mapping techniques. These applications have helped reveal often neglected issues such as gendered violence, women’s lack of representation in decision-making, family dynamics affecting access and control, gendering of state and institutional processes, to name a few, in varying contexts of disaster. In sum, applying a feminist lens offers alternative perspectives on how disasters affect women and other social groups, emphasizing the importance of equitable, inclusive, and ethical research practices. By challenging existing knowledge frameworks and highlighting the relational and intersectional dimensions of disaster experiences, feminist methodologies contribute to a deeper understanding of lived experiences of disasters and the ways in which these are gendered while communicating perspectives of change.