Abstract
This study focuses on disaster risk reduction (DRR) in World Heritage (WH) sites around the world. The contents of disaster risk management in management plans, maps, and photographs of target WH sites are examined to understand the characteristics and hazards of heritage sites, lessons learned from historical disasters, and the status and issues in current strategies and measures. Through analyzing these results, it is found that there are diversified hazards in groups of buildings and archaeological sites in Asia and Europe. It is also revealed that fires, earthquakes, strong winds, and floods frequently occurred and caused enormous damage to the heritage sites, as well as human-induced disasters such as terrorism and explosions. Moreover, it was identified that heritage sites with wooden construction or construction partially composed of wooden components were more often damaged by fire, heritage sites located on multiple kinds of terrain were affected by a variety of disasters, and especially coastal heritage sites were exposed to shore erosion and sea level rise related to climate change. Through analyzing the damage, the various fire causes and the need for DRR measures against fires, earthquakes, and floods, become clear, and the urgency to investigate and address human-induced disasters is understood. It is further revealed that few surveyed WH sites have adopted intervention measures for earthquakes, storms, and human-induced hazards.
Published Version
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