DIRECTIONS OF THE OPTIMIZATION OF PORK PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT POTENTIAL PROBLEMS OF GLOBAL WARMING

Abstract

As of today, in the meat balance of Ukraine, pork has ceded the honorable first place to the poultry industry and has taken an honorable second place literally over the past 2-3 years, but it can be unequivocally stated that pork will retain its leading position in animal husbandry in the future. Thus, two industries - poultry breeding and pig breeding, due to their valuable biologically and economically beneficial characteristics, are and will remain the leaders of meat production in Ukraine for a long time to come. They are united by the fact that successful production of both pig and poultry products requires the use of increased amounts of mixedfodder, which in turn consists of cereal and protein ingredients. The use of increased amounts of compound feed in feeding pigs and poultry makes these species of animals compete with humans in terms of grain, cereals, etc., which is especially important in the context of global warming, which will reduce or even eliminate the yield of grain and industrial crops. The further development of pig breeding as an industry clearly requires a scientific approach to determine the direction of optimization of pork production technologies, taking into account various potential problems (obstacles), one of which is global warming, which has a direct (indoor microclimate) and indirect (crop yields) impact on the industry. The purpose of this work is to identify and summarize potential areas for optimizing technologies for domestic pig production, taking into account possible problems and consequences of global warming. Methods. Actual calculations on water use and manure output were carried out for the State Enterprise "Andriivske" of the Bilohorod-Dnistrovskyi district of Odesa region on the basis of reference, legislative or scientific materials according to generally accepted methods in pig production. Research results and discussion. The consequences of global warming are droughts, floods, soil salinization, increasing cases of various epidemics that will affect agriculture, which in turn can lead to a food crisis and even the disappearance of some products and wildlife. As for the optimistic scenario: the temperature of the planet Earth will rise by a critical 1.5°C, and then the globe will begin to cool, but to implement this scenario, humanity must stop burning fossil fuels and stop deforestation by 2030, which makes this scenario unlikely. Conclusions. Possible scenarios for optimizing pig production technologies in Ukraine against the background of global warming include: - wider introduction of intensive industrial pork production, which, unlike extensive production, provides significantly lower final feed and water consumption per unit of growth; - only if the sanitary protection zone is observed and air protection measures are implemented, it is possible to significantly reduce pollutant emissions from pig farms and, accordingly, improve the sanitary, epidemiological and environmental situation in the vicinity of pig farms; - reuse of water effluents for their further technical use in manure removal processes for large-scale pig production in Ukraine should be developed as a priority; - gradual increase in the popularity of eco-technologies or even organic technologies for growing crops with the use of organic fertilizers, which, against the background of long-term crop rotations, allows to obtain up to 1 tone of additional production in terms of grain. Keywords: global warming, industrial pig production, technology optimisation, production intensification, feed consumption, water consumption.