Directions for Future X-Ray, Optical, and Radio Follow-up Observations of Gamma-Ray Burst Counterparts

Abstract

We review the current state of X-ray, optical, and radio follow-up observations of gamma-ray burst (GRB) error boxes. We show that despite the lack of an identified burst counterpart, the time and flux domain within which such objects can exist has been severely constrained. A clear direction for future follow-up efforts is identified. In the radio, searches must extend below 3 mJy and begin within 3 days of burst detection. In the optical, deep imaging (>12 mag) within 10 hr of burst detection will be needed to improve significantly upon the time and flux domain already searched for GRB counterparts. At X-ray energies, deep exposures within 19 days of burst detection are needed to explore new regions in the time/flux domain. Significant progress in each of these regimes can be expected within the next year from current follow-up efforts.