Abstract
BackgroundOne of the greatest challenges for tissue-engineered bone is the low survival rate of locally grafted cells. The cell homing technology can effectively increase the number of these grafted cells, therefore, enhancing the repair of bone defects. Here we explore the effect of fucosylation modification on the directional homing of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and their ability to repair bone defects.ResultsGlycosylated BMSCs expressed high levels of the Sialyl Lewis-X (sLeX) antigen, which enabled the cells to efficiently bind to E- and P-selectins and to home to bone defect sites in vivo. Micro-CT and histological staining results confirmed that mice injected with FuT7-BMSCs showed an improved repair of bone defects compared to unmodified BMSCs.ConclusionsThe glycosylation modification of BMSCs has significantly enhanced their directional homing ability to bone defect sites, therefore, promoting bone repair. Our results suggest that glycosylation-modified BMSCs can be used as the source of the cells for the tissue-engineered bone and provide a new approach for the treatment of bone defects.Graphic
Highlights
One of the greatest challenges for tissue-engineered bone is the low survival rate of locally grafted cells
Similar to the biological processes of tumor metastases spreading to various organs in the body with blood circulation, the directional homing of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) requires the participation of multiple adhesion molecules
Several studies have shown that hematopoietic stem cells (HSPCs)—which are derived from the mesoderm, similar to MSCs—can home to the bone marrow in large numbers in the presence or absence of body injuries [5,6,7]
Summary
One of the greatest challenges for tissue-engineered bone is the low survival rate of locally grafted cells. By leveraging the interactions between adhesion molecules and their ligands, the MSCs can overcome the blood flow shear force and can home to the target area via blood circulation to participate in the repair of damaged tissues. The carbohydrates on the surface of some cell types are the main structures recognized by selectins and can efficiently mediate the selectin/ligand binding [11,12,13] Based on these findings, we hypothesized that increasing the expression of sLeX antigen on the surface of MSCs will improve their adhesion to selectins, allowing the directional homing of MSCs
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