Abstract
This letter solves direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of coherent signals for uniform linear array. The proposed method reformulates the covariance matrix as a multiple-snapshot array output model to obtain a high array signal-to-noise ratio. Then the scheme of the atomic norm minimization [Yang and Xie, IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 64(19), 5145-5157 (2016)] is extended to this model, thus estimating the DOAs in a continuous space. The proposed method avoids the condition where DOAs deviate from the discretized grid, i.e., basis mismatch. The simulation and experimental results verify the good performance of the proposed method for coherent signals.
Highlights
Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation plays a fundamental role in sonar systems
Inspired by Ref. 6, the noise covariance matrix is removed from the covariance matrix of the array outputs, and the covariance matrix is reformulated as a multiple-snapshot array output model
Inspired by Ref. 6, the covariance matrix is reformulated as a multiple-snapshot array output model
Summary
Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation plays a fundamental role in sonar systems. Due to multipath propagation, the signals received by an array may correlate with each other. The above methods are robust to coherent signals Their performances are affected by the modeling error between the true and approximated steering vectors. Grid free methods estimate DOAs in a continuous space, which is suitable for linear array. They can be roughly classified into the covariance matching method and the atomic norm method. Reference 16 extended Ref. 12 into a multiple-snapshot array output model to improve the robustness, and Ref. 17 provided the dual solution under such conditions These methods are robust to the coherent signals. Their performances degrade at low SNR since they directly estimate DOAs from array outputs. Re1⁄2Á and Im1⁄2Á take the real and imaginary parts of a complex variable, respectively
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