Abstract
Large electrolytic capacitors used in grid-connected and stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) applications for power decoupling purposes are unreliable because of their short lifetime. Film capacitors can be used instead of electrolytic capacitors if the energy storage requirement of the power conditioning units (PCUs) is reduced, since they offer better reliability and have a longer lifetime. Film capacitors have a lower capacitance than electrolytic capacitors, causing enormous frequency ripples on the DC-link voltage and affecting the standalone photovoltaic system’s dynamic performance. This research provided novel direct sliding mode controllers (DSMCs) for minimizing DC-link capacitor, regulating various components of the PV/BES system that assists to manage the DC-link voltage with a small capacitor. DSMCs were combined with the perturb and observe (P&O) method for DC boost converters to increase the photovoltaic system’s dynamic performance, and regulate the battery’s bidirectional converter (BDC) to overcome the DC-link voltage instabilities caused via a lower DC-link capacitor. The system is intended to power both AC and DC loads in places without grid connection. The system’s functions are divided into four modes, dependent on energy supply and demand, and the battery’s state of charge. The findings illustrate the controllers’ durability and the system’s outstanding performance. The testing was carried out on the MT real-time control platform NI PXIE-1071 utilizing Hardware-In-The-Loop experiments and MATLAB/Simulink.
Highlights
Renewable energy sources such as solar panels, wind energy, and battery energy storage emerged as feasible options for decreasing carbon emissions and slowing global warming, with the revelation of large and catastrophic global warming consequences on our world [1,2,3,4,5,6]
In our system we proposed the direct sliding mode control (DSMCs) to control the bidirectional converter of the battery, to regulate the DC-link voltage to work at its reference voltage, and suppressed the output current ripples as well as control the AC-bus via DC-link voltage, because the ac-bus is greatly reliant on the DC-link voltage
This study offered comprehensive modeling and a novel control strategy for photovoltaic/battery energy storage (PV/BES) grid-connected system with both AC and DC loads
Summary
Renewable energy sources such as solar panels, wind energy, and battery energy storage emerged as feasible options for decreasing carbon emissions and slowing global warming, with the revelation of large and catastrophic global warming consequences on our world [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Solar energy is the most suitable renewable energy for use in buildings. By deleting unsuccessful criteria and adding new, broadly recognized criteria, the standard technique was adapted for solar RES systems. The proposed assessment scale ranges from high risk to high benefit. They covered everything from technical compatibility, to heritage significance of the building and its surroundings, to energy and indoor environmental quality, to impact on the outdoors and usage standards. The proposed assessment scale evaluates renewable energy systems in a different way. The results of this assessment are meant to foster conversation among members of the multidisciplinary team assessing RES solutions, allowing them to explore issues from a variety of angles
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