Abstract
Discovery of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction (DMI) in magnetic thin films has launched an intense research effort into its effects on the structure of magnetic bubbles and domain walls including the formation of topological excitations like skyrmions. While it is well established that the internal structure of a DW transitions from a Bloch to a Néel domain wall when there is sufficient DMI, less attention has been paid to excitations contained within the domain wall. For example, recently, a new feature known as a domain wall (DW) skyrmion has been theoretically predicted and observed experimentally [1,2]. These are 360 degree rotations of the internal magnetization of a DW, which are the post-DMI analogue of a vertical Bloch line (VBL), where there is a 180 degree rotation. Moving forward, it will be important to probe excitations like these in situ to understand their dynamic behavior. Here we demonstrate the manipulation of VBLs via in-plane magnetic fields observed in situ using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (LTEM).In this work, (Co/Ni)M multi-layers are deposited via magnetron sputtering directly onto custom-sized Si3N4 TEM membranes. We chose to examine an M=10 sample as we have previously observed an abundance of 1-π and 2-π VBLs along its DWs [3]. We note that 2-π VBLs are topologically equivalent to DW skyrmions. Fresnel mode Lorentz TEM was performed on an FEI Tecnai F20 in Lorentz mode (objective lens turned off). In-plane magnetic fields are applied in situ through the use of a Hummingbird Scientific magnetic biasing holder; the specific holder used here has a field range of ±300 Oe.In the as-prepared state, many VBLs are observed along Bloch DWs in Fresnel-mode micrographs (Fig. 1). Upon application of in-plane magnetic fields of increasing strength, we observe the movement of VBLs along DWs. When the field direction is reversed, we observe the same VBLs to move in the opposite direction. Additionally, we observe the annihilation of VBLs following the impingement of their movement by VBLs of the same winding direction. The winding of these VBLs can be reasoned to be the same sign as one another because those with opposite winding would have a zero-energy barrier to annihilation as seen in Fig. 2. Details regarding challenges to imaging, observations in high-DMI samples, and other implications of this technique will be further discussed in this presentation [4]. **
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