Direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow around a wall-mounted cube: spatio-temporal evolution of large-scale vortices

Abstract

Flow around a wall-mounted cube is an example of a turbulent flow around a three-dimensional bluff body attached to a surface. The main experimentally observed feature of this type of flow is the appearance of complex vortical structures, e.g. a horseshoe vortex originating in front of the body and enveloping it. The current paper is a follow-up to Yakhot, Liu & Nikitin (2006) in which we presented results of direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulent flow around a cube. Here, it is shown that unsteadiness of the considered flow is caused by inviscid–viscous interaction between the horseshoe vortex and the narrow band of positive vorticity attached to the surface in front of the cube. Details of the spatio-temporal evolution of large-scale vortical structures, including samples of long-term visualization and turbulence statistics, are presented. For the normal-to-the-wall velocity, in the vicinity of the cube's front face, the results reveal an anomalous probability distribution, namely, a bimodal distribution and one with high kurtosis.