Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) device is proven to be a feasible method for self-powered direct neural/muscle stimulations. However, the higher threshold current required for direct muscle stimulation makes the efficiency of TENGs stimulator questionable. In this study, a new general configuration of TENG device, Diode amplified Triboelectric nanogenerators (D-TENGs), is proposed to greatly enhance the efficiency of direct muscle stimulation in three aspects: 1. the current can be much amplified by D-TENGs; 2. the exponential current pulse of D-TENGs device is the optimal waveform with the highest efficiency for muscle stimulation; 3. the D-TENGs can boost up the frequency of the current pulse to match with the resonance frequency of motoneurons in muscle, which is around 500 Hz. Thus, D-TENGs can be considered as the optimal TENG device for direct muscle stimulations. Meanwhile, the best electrode shift phenomenon observed in the experiments is explained and a general guideline for neural interface design is proposed.
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