Abstract
Droplet microfluidics have attracted substantial scientific and industrial attention with a focus on measuring droplet parameters. The solid-liquid triboelectrification offers a self-powered way to avoid cumbersome systems towards miniaturization and portability for on-chip measurements, but it faces a decoupling challenge. Here, the bulk-effect solid-liquid triboelectrification is introduced into microfluidic chips for droplet parameter measurement. A multi-stage solid-liquid triboelectrification model is developed, unveiling the characteristics of volume-related shape uniqueness, flow-rate-related shape scaling, and flow-direction-related shape symmetry to achieve the decoupling measurement of droplet motion parameters including volume, flow rate, and flow direction. Such capacity has been applied to the droplet electrolyte measurement in concentration-gradient microfluidic chips featuring Y- and Christmas-tree-shaped configurations. Furthermore, the bulk-effect introduction enables the detection of nucleic acids inside droplets, extending from non-specific to specific detection. This work is very demonstration of triboelectric decoupling measurement for droplet parameters, advancing the on-chip measurements of droplet microfluidics.
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