Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the direct medical and indirect (i.e., absenteeism) costs among working adult ADHD patients in the United States. Methods: This study utilized 2017-2018 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data. Attribution and regression-based incremental cost approaches were utilized to estimate direct medical costs, i.e., prescription drug costs and total costs. The regression-based approach was utilized to estimate absenteeism cost. Results: The study sample consisted of 32,222 observations (weighted: 187,207,896). Of these, 459 (weighted: 3,175,033) had ADHD. The mean annual per person ADHD-attributable prescription drug cost was 2018 US $1,248 (standard error (SE): 97) and the ADHD-attributable total cost was $2,031 (SE: 371). This contributed to a mean overall annual spending of $3.96 (SE: 0.42) billion on ADHD-attributable prescription drugs and $6.45 (SE: 1.26) billion on ADHD-attributable total direct medical costs among adult ADHD patients. Based on the regression-based approach, the mean annual incremental cost for ADHD was $1,641 (SE: 164) and $4,328 (SE: 862) per person for prescription medication costs and total costs, respectively. The mean indirect cost of ADHD was estimated at $512 (SE: 91) per year, per person among working adults with ADHD in the United States. Conclusions: There is significant direct and indirect economic burden on working adults with ADHD.
Published Version
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