Direct Measurement of Heat Produced during Drilling for Implant Site Preparation

Yongsoo Kim,Sungwon Ju,Minju Kim,Minsu Park,Sangho Jun,Jinsoo Ahn

doi:10.3390/app9091898

Yongsoo Kim, Sungwon Ju + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091898

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Journal: Applied sciences	Publication Date: May 9, 2019
Citations: 6	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Seoul National University, Korea University

Abstract

The aim of this study was to directly measure the temperature of the drill during implant site preparation. The measured temperature was compared to that previously reported inside the bone. The temperature change of the drill was measured using a thermocouple inserted inside the stainless steel drill using an 18-gauge needle and mercury-containing slip ring. Three thermocouples were inserted into the bone with different depths of 10 mm, 5 mm and 1 mm. The thermocouple was 0.5 mm away from the periphery of the drilled hole with a diameter of 3.4 mm. The drill rotating speed varied from 500 rpm to 2000 rpm. Each drilling procedure was performed 10 times, and the average was calculated. The temperature of the drill increased rapidly, and the thermocouples in the bone reached a maximum temperature after the drill temperature started to decrease. The maximum inner temperature of the bone was the highest at a depth of 10 mm. The patterns of the temperature change were similar at different rotating speeds. The actual maximum temperature at the drill and bone interface was significantly higher than the temperature measured inside the bone in previous reports.

Highlights

Medical and dental implants involve placing a fixture in the space prepared by osteotomy
In dental implant procedures, understanding and minimizing the heat generated by friction at the interface between the drill and bone based on a well-designed experiment is important to avoid the potential damage to native bone tissue because thermally damaged osseous tissues around the implant constrain osseointegration, and may lead to implant failures and revisions that are painful to both patients and clinicians [3,4,7,9,19]
In a preclinical implant drilling study, the actual temperature measured at the drill surface was significantly higher than the temperature measured inside the bone reported in previous studies

Summary

Introduction

Medical and dental implants involve placing a fixture in the space prepared by osteotomy. The space is replenished by osseointegration, which is a direct functional and structural connection between the bone and the implant [1]. Drilling is undeniably the most essential process during implant site preparation, as success of osseointegration is determined at this stage. Mechanical and thermal damage to the bone is inevitable during drilling [2,3]. More than one minute of drilling at a temperature higher than 47 ◦ C causes local osteonecrosis and impairs osseointegration [3,4]. The bone tissue is absorbed and degenerates into fat cells that are replaced by less differentiated cells [5,6]

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