Abstract
The paper deals with modern functional blocks based on current conveyors and their utilization in analogue signal processing. Multi-port elements with directly interconnected ports (terminals) are the main topic of our discussion. Interconnections of ports in frame of complicated active element or functional block allow functional transformation to simpler block than primary selected one where additional useful transfer or port features are available. Known circuits can be modified to obtain interesting features or it is possible to create completely new circuits by using of standards synthesis. New functional blocks suitable for circuit synthesis are obtained in this way, namely k-class conveyors, frequency dependent current amplifiers and grounded impedance converters and inverters. The main focus is on a novel current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCTA) and its possibilities to construct the functional blocks and applications discussed. No special view on circuit principles concerning mainly CCTA with interconnected ports was explained in the past, although more complicated applications of CCTA have been developed by using different and not very designer-friendly principles. Applications of these blocks in filters and oscillators are also given. An analysis of selected oscillator was supported by simulations.
Highlights
The main purpose of this article is to show the variety of meaningful opportunities to interconnect directly the terminals of modern multi-port functional blocks (FBs), based on classical current conveyors (CCs), and obtain another FB, suitable for the synthesis of a given circuit
The most frequently used classical approaches enter into the synthesis procedure with active and passive elements only, not very often with FBs.; 2) conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCTA) allows the construction of more advanced feedbacks than simple active elements discussed in many old and current papers [14]–[22] and offer interesting constructions of FBs.; 3) Low number of passive elements.; 4) Passive elements are grounded in most cases.; 5) Electronic control of parameters of blocks and their further applications.; 6) Very simple usability in existing applications
Several approaches to electronic control of applications with the CCTA have been widely discussed in the literature, e.g. [10], [11]
Summary
The main purpose of this article is to show the variety of meaningful opportunities to interconnect directly the terminals of modern multi-port functional blocks (FBs), based on classical current conveyors (CCs), and obtain another FB, suitable for the synthesis of a given circuit. The main benefits of the approaches discussed are: 1) Understandable design of applications with prepared FBs. The most frequently used classical approaches enter into the synthesis procedure with active and passive elements only (state variable methods, autonomous circuit with general admittances, for example), not very often with FBs.; 2) CCTA allows the construction of more advanced feedbacks (interconnections) than simple active elements discussed in many old and current papers [14]–[22] and offer interesting constructions of FBs.; 3) Low number of passive elements.; 4) Passive elements are grounded in most cases.; 5) Electronic control of parameters of blocks and their further applications.; 6) Very simple usability in existing applications (especially in active filters and oscillators). Such a 3-port CC-0C is commercially available as the first part (input sub-block) of the AD844
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