Dinâmica da composição lipídica das fórmulas infantis e suas implicações clínicas

Abstract

In human milk, the role of lipids as a source for the adequate growth and development of the infant is highlighted. The lipidic system of breast milk, responsible for approximately 50% of calories, is structured for the newborn and the infant. Digestion and absorption of lipids are facilitated by the organization of fat, the type of fatty acid (palmitic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic acids, etc.), the composition of triglycerides and the lipase stimulated by bile salts. In addition, milk contains docosahexaenoic acid, which allows optimal neurological and immunological development. Although the lipid structure of breast milk is extremely complex, it should serve as a model for the dynamics of the lipid composition of infant formulas. The addition of long-chain fatty acids (arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids) linked to phospholipids in infant formulas can contribute to a better development of infants, as well as acting on the immune system and metabolic imprinting, reducing the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Infants receiving formulas with palmitic acid in theß-2 position have a higher lactobacillus count in the feces, when compared to those receiving formulas with palmitic acid in the ß-1 and ß-3 positions, promoting the maintenance of intestinal eubiosis. Infants receiving formulas with ß-2 palmitic acid present bone health similar to infants breastfeeding, as fecal calcium loss does not occur.