Abstract
The present knowledge about new and efficient cellulose solvents dimethyl sulfoxide in combination with ammonium fluorides, in particular tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride trihydrate, was reviewed. The paper included our knowledge about the dissolution process and the state of dissolution as well as the homogeneous functionalization of the biopolymer studied up until now. Even anhydrous tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride in combination with DMSO dissolved the polysaccharide. Different types of cellulose with degrees of polymerization (DP) up to 1200 were soluble within 1 h at 60°C. It was shown that the non-derivatizing solvent dissolved the polymer with moderate to no depolymerization depending on the dissolution time, temperature and ammonium fluoride used. Various homogeneous reactions of cellulose including acetylation, carbamylation, and acylation with in-situ activation of carboxylic acids by N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole, as well as typical etherification and grafting reactions were discussed.
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