Diluted Acetic Acid Softened Intermuscular Bones from Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) by Dissolving Hydroxyapatite and Collagen.

Yueyue Liu,Huiman Jiang,Yongkang Luo,Yuqing Tan,Hui Hong,Longteng Zhang

doi:10.3390/foods11010001

Yueyue Liu, Huiman Jiang + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11010001

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Abstract

Intermuscular bones (IBs) pose physical hazards that threaten consumer health and food safety. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of softening IBs from silver carp with diluted acetic acid. IBs (separated from muscle) and fillets (without removing IBs) were treated with diluted acetic acid. Analyses of sensory attributes and the hardness of treated IBs indicated that diluted acetic acid (<10 mmol/L) could soften IBs effectively. Additionally, 0.5 mmol/L acetic acid softened IBs within fillets without significantly affecting the texture and flavor of fillets. Analyses of microstructure, minerals (calcium and phosphorus) and collagen content, and the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of IBs indicated that acetic acid broke connections (formed by collagen that shared hydroxyl groups) between collagen molecules, and between collagen and hydroxyapatite (HAP), thus inducing the dissolution of collagen and HAP. The dissolution of HAP contributed more to IBs softening than collagen.

Highlights

Spectra of intermuscular bones (IBs) indicated that acetic acid broke connections between collagen molecules, and between collagen and hydroxyapatite (HAP), inducing the dissolution of collagen and HAP
We evaluated the sensory attributes of acetic-acid-treated fillets and acetic acid-softened IBs both in vitro and in vivo
There are three main types of IBs in silver carp muscle: epineurals, epicentrals, and epipleurals, which are in different physical locations in the fish and ossified differently [23]

Summary

Introduction

Spectra of IBs indicated that acetic acid broke connections (formed by collagen that shared hydroxyl groups) between collagen molecules, and between collagen and hydroxyapatite (HAP), inducing the dissolution of collagen and HAP. The dissolution of HAP contributed more to IBs softening than collagen. Silver carp is an economically important fish species in China due to its high nutritional value and low price. Silver carp is a major invasive species in the U.S, and it is rarely consumed by Americans due to its numerous intermuscular bones (IBs) and off-flavors. The elimination of the hazards of IBs from fish fillets is important for improving meat quality and its commercial value. The main components of IBs are collagen, minerals that contain hydroxyapatite (Ca10 (PO4 ) (OH) , HAP), and water [4]. HAP is the main form of calcium and phosphorus present in bones [6]. In the structure of bones, nuclei of HAP crystal platelets are located in the hole-zones of collagen.

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