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Abstract
Chemical investigation of the crude PDB extract obtained from the endophytic fungus Schizophyllum commune afforded the pure substances, cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) (1), uracil (2), cyclo(Pro-Tyr) (3), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4) and a mixture of Rel.cyclo(Pro-Phe) (5) and Rel.cyclo(Pro-Ile) (6). When cultured in corn, the extract of this fungus yielded N-(2-phenylethyl) acetamide (7) and N-(4-hydroxyphenylethyl) acetamide (8). The structures of all compounds were determined based on the analyses of their MS, 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopic data. Analysis of the crude extracts obtained from small-scale cultures (in PBD, YM, Nutrient, Czapek, Malt Extract, Corn and Rice) and a large-scale culture (in PDB) by mass spectrometry showed the presence of diketopiperazines 1, 3, 5 and 6. The crude extracts showed promising antioxidant, antifungal and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities. The metabolites 7 and 8 showed antifungal and AChE inhibitory activities in vitro. This is the first report of the identification and isolation of diketopiperazines, arylethylamides, p-hydroxybenzoic acid in endophytic fungus of the Schizophyllum genus.
Highlights
Microorganisms as the endophytic fungi living asymptomatically in the intercellular space of host plants and establish a mutualistic relationship with its host during a part or all their life
Analysis of the crude extracts obtained from smallscale cultures and a large-scale culture by mass spectrometry showed the presence of diketopiperazines 1, 3, 5 and 6
The metabolites 7 and 8 showed antifungal and AChE inhibitory activities in vitro. This is the first report of the identification and isolation of diketopiperazines, arylethylamides, p-hydroxybenzoic acid in endophytic fungus of the Schizophyllum genus
Summary
Microorganisms as the endophytic fungi (endon = inside; phyton = plant) living asymptomatically in the intercellular space of host plants and establish a mutualistic relationship with its host during a part or all their life. These endophytes are found in parts of plants such as leaves, stems, fruits, seeds, and roots, and reside inside the plant all its life, being transmitted in some cases to future generations through seeds of the host[1,2,3,4]. Most natural products isolated from endophytes showed antimicrobial activity, and in many cases, these have been implicated in protecting the host plant against phytopathogenic microorganisms.[1,7,8] Studies in 2012 showed trichodermin and cercosporamide with strong antifungal and antitumor activities, which were isolated from endophyte belonging to the genus Phoma associated with Arisaema erubescens.[9]
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