Abstract
Pediatric myopia is increasing globally and has become a major public health issue. However, the mechanism of pediatric myopia is still poorly understood, and there is no effective treatment to prevent its progression. Based on results from animal and clinical studies, certain neuronal–humoral factors (NHFs), such as IGF-1, dopamine, and cortisol may be involved in the progression of pediatric myopia. Digital therapeutics uses evidence-based software as therapeutic interventions and it has the potential to offer innovative treatment strategies for pediatric myopia beyond conventional treatment methods. In this perspective article, we introduce digital therapeutics SAT-001, a software algorithm that modulates the level of NHFs to reduce the progression of pediatric myopia. The proposed mechanism is based on a theoretical hypothesis derived from scientific research and clinical studies and will be further confirmed by evidence generated from clinical studies involving pediatric myopia.
Highlights
Myopia is one of the leading eye disorders that causes significant visual impairment
Axial length was the longest in the morning and decreased throughout the evening, whereas choroid, the vascular structure of the outer retina, was approximately antiphase with axial length. These results show that the cortisol rhythms are in phase with axial length and provide evidence that cortisol could potentially influence myopia progression
For digital therapeutics to be fully utilized in pediatric myopia, the technology needs to be validated in clinical trials and approved within regulatory frameworks
Summary
Myopia is one of the leading eye disorders that causes significant visual impairment. The IGF-1 as MGF is synthesized and secreted when the voluntary contraction of extraocular muscles occurs by eyeball movements Together, these studies suggest the important role of IGF-1 in ocular growth and in the progression of myopia. The level of retinal activity related to the dopamine pathway was increased in myopic eyes after blue light stimulation This supports previous findings that exposure to daylight (rich in blue light) during outdoor activities delays the onset of myopia and involves the dopaminergic system. This was the first study evaluating the effect of stimulating the myopia eye using a VR digital therapeutics device. Reduction of cortisol could prevent the inhibitory effect of stress hormone in decreasing sclera tension during myopia deterioration
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