Abstract
A micro-scale computational tool, based upon an explicit digital element method (DEM), has been developed for numerical simulation of ballistic impact and penetration of textile fabrics . In this approach, each yarn is digitized as an assembly of digital fibers. Each digital fiber is further digitized into a short digital rod element chain connected by frictionless pins (nodes). A search is conducted to find contacts between adjacent digital fibers. If a contact is detected, compressive and frictional forces between fibers will be determined, based upon contact stiffness and friction coefficient . Nodal forces are calculated for each time step. Nodal displacements are determined using an explicit procedure. Because the digital element approach operates on a sub-yarn micro-scale, one can determine textile penetration resistance based upon sub-yarn scale properties, such as inter-fiber compression, friction, and fiber strength . Research presented in this paper includes three parts. First, the explicit digital element algorithm used in dynamic simulation is explained. Second, the approach is used to generate 2-D woven fabric micro-geometries and to simulate ballistic penetration processes. Third, numerical results are compared to high resolution experimental impact and ballistic test data.
Published Version
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