Abstract
Diffraction effects are produced by a crystal lattice through the interference of waves (or particles described as waves). The effect was first observed by Laue and coworkers over 100 years ago. This seminal experiment demonstrated simultaneously that crystals are composed of periodic arrangements of atoms, and that X‐rays are electromagnetic waves. Since then crystallographic diffraction techniques based on the interference of X‐rays, neutrons, or electrons have developed rapidly and become routine tools in the analysis of materials of different natures. The information provided includes: (1) phase identification and quantification of crystalline compounds and complex polyphasic mixtures; (2) the texture and orientation of crystalline phases in a material; (3) the atomic and molecular structure of the phases involved; and (4) the physical microstructural state of the material. Diffraction techniques therefore provide a wide range of powerful tools for investigating all kinds of materials involved in archaeological issues and problems.
Published Version
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