Abstract
The prevalence global of noncommunicable chronic diseases as diabetes and hypertension worldwide has been disregarded until recently by policy makers. In addition, these diseases have growing with the aging of the population. This study sought to identify changes in face shape from the frontal and side views in elderly people diagnosed with diabetes and hypertension. 205 individuals were studied, with 60 years or more, from both sexes, with different ethnicities, and cognition intact. With a digital camera, photos were taken of the front and side and based on these images landmarks for measurement were determined. For statistical analysis, ANOVA, Canonical Variates Analysis, Mahalanobis distance and Thin-Plate Spline were realized. Given sexual dimorphism, the sexes were analyzed separately. From the ANOVA, significant differences (p<0.01) for individuals with diabetes, hypertension, and patients with both or neither of the diseases were observed. The groups were separated by the Canonical Variates and Mahalanobis distance and independent of edentulism, sex or ethnicity. A morphofacial characteristics for the front and side views (especially in the ear region) that identified individuals with these chronic diseases was observed. This methodology can contribute in a specific manner to the identification of at risk populations and help to promote preventative measures for these conditions.
Highlights
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) are encountered all over the world and the occurrence of these pathologies tends to increase with age
The first Canonical Variates Analysis (CVA) explains 70.3% of the variation and differences between the individuals without diabetes and hypertension were observed located on the negative axis of the CVA1 and with both diseases on the positive axis
The following CVA explains 21.7% of the variation and it was possible to separate the diabetic patients from the hypertensive patients
Summary
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) are encountered all over the world and the occurrence of these pathologies tends to increase with age. These non-transmittable chronic diseases have been one of the main causes of mortality around the world (Cruzera et al 1998, Bortoluz et al 2016). The number of people who present these conditions has increased due to population growth, aging, urbanization, and a growing prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyle (Godoy-Matos et al 2010), being considered a public health concern due to their risk and difficulty to control (Brito et al 2011, Bortoluz et al 2016). The use of new techniques and knowledge can lead to a better understanding, evening permitting an understanding of the role of the environment and lifestyle (Oliveira and Milech 2006)
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