Abstract
The manuscript aimed to explore the differential responses of Vigna radiata and Vigna mungo to fluoride (25 mg L−1 NaF) stress and validate the protective roles of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (50 µM). V. radiata showed 53.5% higher bioaccumulation of fluoride compared to V. mungo. The overall growth in V. radiata was more affected (32.0%) compared with V. mungo (6.3%), which on the contrary displayed regulated fluoride entry and fluoride-adaptive phenotype. Fluoride bioaccumulation in V. radiata significantly triggered H2O2 and methylglyoxal accumulation, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll degradation and lipid peroxidation, which accounted for its fluoride sensitivity. Exogenous SNP alleviated fluoride toxicity in both the species by synthesizing osmolytes (proline, glycine-betaine and total amino acids), non-enzymatic antioxidants (anthocyanins, flavonoids, total phenolics, carotenoids, ascorbate and glutathione) and activating antioxidative enzymes (APX, SOD, GPX, GST, GPOX and GR). Fluoride toxicity inhibited the CAT activity to a higher degree in V. radiata (51.0%) than V. mungo (31.3%). However, SNP supplementation rescued the CAT activity, lowered the fluoride uptake and membrane damage, and also alleviated oxidative stress in both the species, along with accelerated growth recovery and chlorophyll conservation. Cytotoxic methylglyoxal was efficiently detoxified in presence of SNP due to enhanced activity of the glyoxalases. Exogenous SNP also triggered endogenous NO formation along with up regulating the activity of P5CS and PAL, which stimulated proline and flavonoid biosynthesis during stress. Statistical analyses revealed that the ameliorating potential of SNP was more prominent in the susceptible species. Overall, our investigation established V. radiata and V. mungo as fluoride-sensitive and fluoride-tolerant species, respectively, and also illustrated the efficacy of SNP in abating stress-induced damages in Vigna by augmenting the defence machinery.
Published Version
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call