Abstract
Meloidogyne incognita is a common root-knot nematode with a wide range of plant hosts. We aimed to study the metabolites produced at each stage of the nematode life cycle to understand its development. Metabolites of Meloidogyne incognita were extracted at egg, J2, J3, J4, and female stages and 110 metabolites with available standards were quantified using CE-TOF/MS. Analyses indicated abundance of stage-specific metabolites with the exception of J3 and J4 stages which shared similar metabolic profiles. The egg stage showed increased abundance in glycolysis and energy metabolism related metabolites while the J2 metabolites are associated with tissue formation, motility, and neurotransmission. The J3 and J4 stages indicated amino acid metabolism and urea cycle- related metabolites. The female stage was characterized with polyamine synthesis, antioxidant activity, and synthesis of reproduction related metabolites. Such metabolic profiling helps us understand the dynamic physiological changes related to each developmental stage of the root-knot nematode life cycle.
Highlights
Meloidogyne incognita is a soil pest causing major agricultural losses in crop plants [1,2]
The metabolites produced by the nematode were found to be shared among several metabolic pathways occurring in the cells
We found urea cycle to be the dominant metabolism at all stages of the nematode life cycle (Figure 1A)
Summary
Meloidogyne incognita is a soil pest causing major agricultural losses in crop plants [1,2]. With a host range of over 100 plants, this plant-parasitic nematode is a serious threat to cotton, tobacco, food legumes, vegetable crops, yams, potatoes, spices, and coffee. It is spread all over the world and has been reported in Asia, Africa, North, Central and South America, the Caribbean, Europe, and Oceania [3]. The life cycle of this plant-parasitic nematode consists of five stages including egg, juvenile J2, J3, J4, and female/male. As male adults do not play a part in reproduction, female worms are important in the life cycle as they produce eggs which hatch to release J2 that continues to infect other roots
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