Differential gene expression in chronically irradiated herbaceous species from the Chernobyl exclusion zone

Abstract

Purpose Transcriptional activity of genes related to ionizing radiation responses in chronically irradiated plant populations at radioactively contaminated territories can be a cost-effective and precise approach for stress response evaluation. However, there are limits to studying non-model plants in field conditions. The work studies the transcriptional activity of candidate genes of adaptation to chronic radiation exposure in plant populations from radioactively contaminated territories of the Chernobyl. Materials and methods In this work, we studied plant species with different sensitivity to acute irradiation: Trifolium repens L., Taraxacum officinale Wigg., and Dactylis glomerata L., sampled in the Chernobyl exclusion zone. The differential expression of several candidate genes of adaptation to chronic radiation exposure in the leaves of these species was analyzed, including homologs of Arabidopsis thaliana genes SLAC1, APX1, GPX2, CAB1, NTRB, PP2-B11, RBOH-F, HY5, SnRK2.4, PDS1, CIPK20, SIP1, PIP1, TIP1. Results and conclusions All studied species were characterized by upregulation of the CAB1 homolog, encoding chlorophyll a/b binding protein, at radioactively contaminated plots. An increase in the expression of genes associated with water and hydrogen peroxide transport, intensity of photosynthesis, and stress responses (homolog of aquaporin TIP1 for T. repens; homologs of aquaporin PIP1 and transcription factor HY5 for D. glomerata; homolog of CBL-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase CIPK20 for T. officinale) was revealed. The methodological approach for studying gene expression in non-model plant species is described, which may allow large-scale screening studies of candidate genes in various plant species abundant in radioactively contaminated areas.