Abstract
A multimodal approach is effective in analyzing biological problems critically and thus also useful in assessing cytotoxicity under chemicals assaults. In this study effects of isooctane, an organic solvent and component of gasoline produced in petroleum industries, have been explored on normal (HaCaT) and cancerous (HeLa) epithelial cells. Besides morphological alterations, impacts on viability, prime molecular expressions, and bioelectrical properties on exposure to different doses of isooctane were noted. Scanning electron microscopy and viability assay demonstrated remarkable structural alterations and cell death, respectively, in HaCaT but not in HeLa. Transcriptomic and immunocytochemical studies on E-cadherin expression also elucidated pronounced toxic effects on HaCaT. Remarkable changes on the bioelectrical properties (e.g., impedance and phase angle) of the HaCaT, in contrast to HeLa, at different temporal points on isooctane exposure also indicated cytotoxic effects in the former. Hence this study illustrated cytotoxicity of isooctane on HaCaT multidimensionally which was evaded by HeLa.
Highlights
Profuse use of chemicals in modern times is posing serious threats to the health and environment
The effects were very pronounced under 6% and at 8% IO doses where clumps of dead cells along with reduction in live cells were visible (Figures 1(b)–1(d))
Present study on effects of IO on epithelial cells, that is, keratinocytes, which are involved in diverse protective functions in epithelium [12, 13], exposed to frequent physical and chemical assaults compared to any other tissues [14] and connected with 90% cancers development [15] is considered to be important
Summary
Profuse use of chemicals in modern times is posing serious threats to the health and environment. Isooctane (IO) is one of such synthetic OS and needs better attention to elucidate its impact on mammalian objects [5]. It is produced on a massive scale in the petroleum industry by distillation of petroleum [6] and is an important component of gasoline. IO is useful for production of ethanol with extremely low volatility [7]. It has high octane number and does not contain any aromatics, metals, or sulphur. In 2008 the worldwide market of IO was expected to be 1.0 million tons approximately [8]
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