Abstract
We formulate a perturbative solution for the heterogeneous diffusion equation which demonstrates how to use differential changes in diffuse light transmission to construct images of tissue absorption changes following contrast agent administration. The analysis exposes approximations leading to an intuitive and simplified inverse algorithm, shows explicitly why transmission geometries are less susceptible to error than the remission geometries, and why differential measurements are less susceptible to surface artifacts. These ideas about differential diffuse optical tomography are not only applicable to tumor detection and characterization using contrast agents, but also to functional activation studies with or without contrast agents and multiple-wavelength measurements.
Highlights
The use of contrast agents in Diffuse Optical Tomography[1] (DOT) for disease diagnostics and for probing tissue functionality follows established clinical imaging modalities such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) [2,3,4], Ultrasound [4,5,6] and X-ray Computed Tomography[4,7,8] (CT)
In MRI of breast cancer for example, it is the relative signal enhancement compared to the baseline image, and the architectural features of this enhancement that aid in characterizing lesions as benign or malignant [9,10]
Indocyanine Green (ICG) is an absorber and a fluorophore in the Near Infrared (NIR); here we focus on its absorption function
Summary
The use of contrast agents in Diffuse Optical Tomography[1] (DOT) for disease diagnostics and for probing tissue functionality follows established clinical imaging modalities such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) [2,3,4], Ultrasound [4,5,6] and X-ray Computed Tomography[4,7,8] (CT). “Instrumentation and design of a frequency-domain diffuse optical tomography imager for breast cancer detection,” Opt. Express 1, 391-403 (1997). A.G. Yodh, “Experimental images of heterogeneous turbid media by frequency-domain diffusing-photon tomography,” Opt. Lett.
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