Abstract
Abstract—Steganography is a vital technique in information security that conceals data within other non-secret data, primarily images. This paper explores four prominent image steganography techniques: Least Significant Bit (LSB), Pixel Value Differencing (PVD), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and Masking & Filtering. Each method is examined in terms of its operational principles, advantages, and limitations. LSB is straightforward but vulnerable, while PVD offers higher capacity and robustness. DCT enhances resistance against compression, and Masking & Filtering maintains high image quality. A comparative analysis illustrates the effectiveness of these techniques regarding capacity, complexity, and robustness, providing insights for researchers and practitioners in selecting appropriate steganography methods for secure communication. Keywords: Steganography, LSB, PVD, DCT, Masking & Filtering, Image Processing
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