Abstract

Background: Vitamin D3 (VD3) is involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of affective-related disorders and controls the functional activity of various hormonal systems. The complex interaction between estrogen and VD3 creates a neurobiological basis for their participation in similar behavioral disorders. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether VD3 (5.0 mg/kg, s.c.) facilitates the antidepressant-like action of fluoxetine (10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) or paroxetine (10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) by enhancing the antidepressant-like activity of these drugs in adult long-term Ovariectomized (OVX) rats subjected to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) protocol for 6 weeks. Methods: Sucrose Preference (SPT) and Forced Swim (FST) tests were performed to evaluate the anhedonia state and depressive symptoms, respectively. The Open-Field Test (OFT) was carried out to measure locomotor activity as well as grooming behavior produced by CUMS in long-term OVX rats. Corticosterone (CS)/estradiol (E2) in the serum was tested by rat ELISA kits. NF-kB, 5-HT/5-HIIA, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the hippocampus were also examined by rat ELISA kits. Results: The results of this study suggest that combined treatment with fluoxetine (10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) or paroxetine (10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) along with VD3 (5.0 mg/kg, s.c.) produces distinct effects on the depression-like behavior in long-term OVX/CUMS rats. Co-administration of fluoxetine (10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) with VD3 did not facilitate the antidepressant-like effects of fluoxetine in the long-term OVX rats with CUMS. On the other hand, co-treatment with paroxetine with VD3 resulted in faster and marked antianhedonic- and antidepressant-like effects in long-term OVX rats with CUMS as compared to treatment with paroxetine alone. The co-administration of paroxetine and VD3 attenuates stress-induced modifications of CS/E2 levels in the serum, as well as- proinflammatory cytokine/NF-kB/5-HT levels in the hippocampus of long-term OVX rats exposed to CUMS. Conclusion: Supplementation of VD3 (5.0 mg/kg, s.c.)to paroxetine (10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) facilitates antianhedonic- and antidepressant-like effects of paroxetine in adult long-term OVX rats exposed to CUMS.

Highlights

  • Supplementation of Vitamin D3 (VD3) (5.0 mg/kg, s.c.)to paroxetine (10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) facilitates antianhedonic- and antidepressant-like effects of paroxetine in adult long-term OVX rats exposed to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS)

  • Following 28 days of different treatments, the body weight of OVX/CUMS rats treated with VD3 (5.0 mg/kg, s.c.), fluoxetine (10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) or paroxetine (10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) was significantly higher compared to OVX/ CUMS/solvent and SHAM/CUMS/solvent rats (P < 0.05, (Fig. 2))

  • The results of this study suggest that combined treatment with fluoxetine (10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) or paroxetine (10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) along with VD3 (5.0 mg/kg, s.c.) produces distinct effects on depression-like behavior in longterm OVX rats exposed to CUMS

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Summary

Introduction

Julia Fedotova psychological rehabilitation approaches to treat mood disorders, only moderate improvements have been registered in the treatment of affective-related disorders. The possibility of recurrence is increased especially in women during estrogen deficiency [6, 7]. The standard treatment of mood disorders with antidepressants highlights the restricted effectiveness of the current approach [8 - 11]. Among the different classes of antidepressants, SSRIs are the most extensively used pharmacological drugs to treat affective-related disorders in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women [3, 9, 11]. The therapeutic response to SSRIs in perimenopausal women might be influenced by modifications in the concentrations of female gonadal hormones that can restrict their application in such cases [12, 13]. The complex interaction between estrogen and VD3 creates a neurobiological basis for their participation in similar behavioral disorders

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