Abstract
Cardiopulmonary activity measured through contactless means is a hot topic within the research community. The Doppler radar is an approach often used to acquire vital signs in real time and to further estimate their rates, in a remote way and without requiring direct contact with subjects. Many solutions have been proposed in the literature, using different transceivers and operation modes. Nonetheless, all different strategies have a common goal: enhance the system efficiency, reduce the manufacturing cost, and minimize the overall size of the system. Antennas are a key component for these systems since they can influence the radar robustness directly. Therefore, antennas must be designed with care, facing several trade-offs to meet all the system requirements. In this sense, it is necessary to define the proper guidelines that need to be followed in the antenna design. In this manuscript, an extensive review on different antenna designs for non-contact vital signals measurements is presented. It is intended to point out and quantify which parameters are crucial for the optimal radar operation, for non-contact vital signs’ acquisition.
Highlights
The ability to measure physiological signals accurately has several applications in different areas, from health care to the full medicine procedures
The authors conclude that increasing frequency has many advantageous aspects, since shorter wavelength helps on decreasing the antennas size, and are more sensitive to low amplitude motions
Several studies using Doppler radar for non-contact vital signal (NCVS) have been presented in the past years
Summary
The ability to measure physiological signals accurately has several applications in different areas, from health care to the full medicine procedures. The authors conclude that increasing frequency has many advantageous aspects, since shorter wavelength helps on decreasing the antennas size, and are more sensitive to low amplitude motions (for example, it could improve on the cardiac signal detection) They have presented a comparative table that shows a higher gain for these designs. Different frequencies and radar operation modes will be explored, as well as the different designs, and several implementation examples are presented and discussed By gathering this information, it is intended to determine which are the antenna features that are more suitable for NCVS acquisition, such as directivity, gain, or polarization. It is important to note that different applications and environments require different characteristics, but the goal of this manuscript is to define common guidelines that are required to be maintained for any optimal system performance
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