Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to determine the oleic acid levels of mature breast milk (6-12 months) and to analyze the differences in oleic acid levels in mature breastfeeding mothers with chronic energy deficiency (CED) and normal nutritional status.
 Methods: This research was conducted in July - September 2020 in the work area of the Sudiang and Sudiang Raya puskesmas, Makassar City and the research laboratory of the State University Hospital (RSPTN) Unhas. The type of research used is analytic observation with a cross-sectional study approach. The population in the study amounted to 406 mothers. The sample in this study was breastfeeding mothers with 6-12 months of lactation. The sample size was determined by using the Dahlan formula with a total sample size of 38 participants consisting of 19 Chronic Energy Deficient breastfeeding mothers and 19 normal breastfeeding mothers. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling method. Data were analyzed using the Manwithney test.
 Results: The average levels of oleic acid in breastfeeding mothers with nutritional status of chronic energy deficiency were 1.00 ± 0.37 and breastfeeding mothers with normal nutritional status was 0.95 ± 0.36. The results of statistical tests found no significant differences (p> 0.05) between the oleic acid levels of breastfeeding mothers in chronic energy deficiency and normal nutritional status. Most of the found levels of oleic acid in the low category (reference 1.5) are namely 94.7% in normal nutritional status and 78.9% in nutritional status of women with chronic energy deficiency.
 Conclusion: The average oleic acid levels of breast milk in chronic energy deficiency and normal breastfeeding mothers were still low compared to the standard. There was no difference in oleic acid levels in breastfeeding mothers and breastfeeding mothers with normal nutritional status. A further qualitative research is needed in nursing mothers whose oleic acid levels are equal or exceed the reference.
Highlights
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) recommend that children initiate breastfeeding within the first hour of birth and be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life – meaning no other foods or liquids are provided, including water (Unicef, 2019)
The results of this study indicate that the oleic acid levels of breast milk in nursing mothers with chronic nutritional deficiency (CED) are in the range of 0.6 g / L to 1.8 g / L with an average level of oleic acid is 1.0 g / L, whereas in breastfeeding mothers with normal nutritional status, the oleic acid level of breast milk is in the range of 0.6 g / L to 2.3 g / L with an average level of oleic acid in breast milk is 0, 95 g / L
Most of the breast milk oleic acid levels found in the nutritional status of KEK and normal nutritional status were low when compared to the standard levels (1.5 g / L), namely (94.7% and 78.9%)
Summary
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) recommend that children initiate breastfeeding within the first hour of birth and be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life – meaning no other foods or liquids are provided, including water (Unicef, 2019). It is recommended that and the introduction of adequate and safe complementary nutrition (solid) food at 6 months along with continued breastfeeding for up to 2 years or more are required(Unicef, 2019). Despite all these recommendations, many babies and children do not receive optimal feeding, where only about 36% of infants aged 0 to 6 months worldwide are exclusively breastfed during the Indonesia show that the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding for infants aged
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