Abstract
Background The prevalence of undernutrition in low- and middle-income countries is still remarkably high. Undernutrition during adulthood is a greater risk factor for low productivity, poor health, and mortality. There is limited information on the prevalence and determinants of chronic energy deficiency in Ethiopia. Objective To assess the prevalence and determinants of chronic energy deficiency among adults aged 18–59 years in Ethiopia. Method A secondary data analysis was conducted using the data obtained from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. Data were collected using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique, and the analytic sample consisted of 9,280 adults aged 18–59 years. The chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used, and p value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Result A total of 9280 adults aged 18–59 years were included in the study and 2911 (28.7%) (95% CI: 27.0%–30.4%) of whom were chronic energy deficient. Adults who have no work (AOR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.72), male adults from Tigray region (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.61, 3.09), Afar region (AOR = 2.98, 95% CI: 2.04, 4.36), Somali region (AOR = 3.14, 95% CI: 2.19, 4.52), Gambella region (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.76), Harari region (AOR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.19), Amhara region (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.13), Oromia region (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.19), Dire Dawa (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.05), adults live lonely (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.71), and adults residing in poor wealth index households (AOR = 1.26 : 95% CI: 1.07, 1.49) were significantly associated with chronic energy deficiency. Conclusion and recommendation. Chronic energy deficiency among male adults in Ethiopia was a high public health problem. Marital status, wealth index, occupation, and region were significant predictors of chronic energy deficiency. The Ministry of Health with other partners should strictly monitor and evaluate interventions that are being applied and should give focus to adult men to prevent malnutrition.
Highlights
Nowadays, low- and middle-income countries are currently attacked by a double burden of malnutrition. e rates of overweight and obesity are increasing much faster in the developing world. e prevalence of undernutrition is still remarkably high [1,2,3,4]
Finding from this study helps to draw conclusions and to translate findings into policies and practices. erefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinant factors of Chronic energy deficiency (CED) among adults aged 18–59 years old in Ethiopia
After excluding adult male participants who did not have a response to the outcome variable, we restricted our analytical sample to 9,280 males aged 18–59 years
Summary
Low- and middle-income countries are currently attacked by a double burden of malnutrition. e rates of overweight and obesity are increasing much faster in the developing world. e prevalence of undernutrition is still remarkably high [1,2,3,4]. Chronic energy deficiency (CED) is defined as a steady-state at which a person is in energy balance, at a “cost” either in terms of health risk or as an impairment of functions and health [5]. Chronic energy deficiency during adulthood is associated with different adverse functional consequences. It increases the risk of morbidity, and mortality together with decreased mental and cognitive development reduces educational achievement and labor productivity [8,9,10,11]. Nearly one in three persons globally suffers from at least one form of malnutrition: wasting, stunting, vitamin and mineral deficiency, overweight or obesity, and dietrelated noncommunicable diseases (NCDs).
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