Differences in lifting strength profiles between experienced workers and novices at various exertion heights

Abstract

This study compared lifting strength patterns between experienced workers and novices at various exertion heights. Twenty-one experienced workers and 21 novices were recruited to determine their static-lifting strength under various heights (10–150 cm in increments of 10 cm) using two exertion methods (vertically upward lifting, VUL, and toward body lifting, TBL). Testing posture was also recorded by a motion analysis system for comparing with the corresponding strength values. Results showed that strength during VUL were much higher than strength during TBL at 15 height positions ( p < 0.001). Strength in all 30 task combinations showed no difference between the two groups except for the VUL at heights of 100–120 cm. On the average, strength exerted by novices during VUL was 4.57–7.61 kg lower than that of workers while lifting at 100–120 cm heights (all p < 0.05). The strength during TBL consistently decreased with increased heights of lifting. When workers performed VUL, the strength surprisingly remained nearly unchanged throughout the heights of interest. The postures adopted by workers during VUL were also highly differentiated from novices while performing near-floor positions, but the strength was equivalent to each other. This study demonstrated that the static-lifting strength of novices were significantly lower than those of experienced workers while upward lifting near the participant’s elbow height. It was concluded that workers tend to adopt a safer (i.e., more flexed knees) and more skillful technique than novices to generate forces, resulting in lower spinal loads during both methods of lifting. Relevance to Industry Many studies have established the human strength data based on student participants who do not have experience in manual materials handling. The present findings clearly suggest that lifting strength data collected on novices (e.g., on students) should be carefully applied in the task (re)design at the workplace as their strength profiles and the postures adopted during lifting differ from workers.