Abstract
BackgroundFalls are the leading cause of injury-related hospital admissions in Canadian older adults, accounting for 85 % of injury hospitalizations among older adults aged over 65 years. While many of these injuries can lead to death, the survival rates of fall-related injuries are rarely examined. This surveillance study examined the fall injury hospitalization and survival rates among older adults in the context of place.MethodsSaskatchewan’s health administrative data on injury hospitalizations among individuals aged 65 years and over (n = 39,867) was utilized for this study. Variables of interest included age group, sex, and the geographical area of residence at the time of hospitalization (rural, urban, north). Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the association of variables of interest (age group, sex, and area of residence at the time of hospitalization as the covariate) with frequency of fall injury hospitalizations. Probable time to death due to fall-related injury hospitalization was determined by survival analysis.ResultsThree key findings that emerged from the present study are the following: (1) fall injury hospitalizations accounted for 77 % of all injury hospitalizations; (2) fall injury hospitalization rates varied by age group, sex, and area of residence, with advancing age, women, and certain geographical areas showing higher rates; and (3) survival rates also varied by sex and area of residence. Women had longer survival estimates after a fall injury hospitalization compared to men, and those living in the north have the shortest survival estimates.ConclusionsThe findings from the study highlighted the high rate of fall-related injury hospitalization among older adults varying with their age group, sex, and area of residence. These factors need to be considered in injury surveillance and fall prevention research as well as programs and policies that support the reduction of falls.
Highlights
Falls are the leading cause of injury-related hospital admissions in Canadian older adults, accounting for 85 % of injury hospitalizations among older adults aged over 65 years
The number of patients with fall injury hospitalization is given by risk factor: age group, sex, and area of residence
Older adults residing in rural areas experienced 52.8 % of the fall injury hospitalizations, which ranked higher than those in urban areas (46.5 %) and north areas (0.7 %) of Saskatchewan, respectively
Summary
Falls are the leading cause of injury-related hospital admissions in Canadian older adults, accounting for 85 % of injury hospitalizations among older adults aged over 65 years. In Canada, one in three older adults (over 65 years of age) suffers a fall each year and this figure increases to one in two (50 %) of older adults and those over 80 years of age (Statistics Canada 2014) Falls, which are both predictable and preventable to a large extent, can result in considerable physical, psychological, and economic costs. Around 85 % of injury-related hospitalizations are caused by fall and about one third of these seniors end up in long-term care (Public Health Agency of Canada 2014) A recent economic burden in direct and indirect costs of injury in Canada report (2015) showed that falls were the leading cause of overall injury cost, accounting for $8.7 billion in 2010 (Parachute 2015).
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