Abstract
AimTo evaluate the influence of dietary lipid quality on the body mass, carbohydrate metabolism and morphology of the rat ventral prostate.Materials and MethodsWistar rats were divided into four groups: SC (standard chow), HF-S (high-fat diet rich in saturated fatty acids), HF-P (high-fat diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids) and HF-SP (high-fat diet rich in saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids). We analyzed body mass, fat mass deposits, plasma blood, insulin resistance and the ventral prostate structure.ResultsGroups that received high-fat diets were heavier and presented larger fat deposits than SC group. The HF-S and HF-SP groups had higher glucose, insulin and total cholesterol serum levels and insulin resistance compared with the SC. The acinar area, epithelium height and area density of the lumen were higher in the HF-SP than in the other groups. The epithelium area density and epithelial cell proliferation were greater in the HF-P and HF-SP than in the SC group. All of the groups that received high-fat diets had greater area density of the stroma, area density of smooth muscle cells and stromal cell proliferation compared with the SC group.ConclusionDiets rich in saturated and/or polyunsaturated fatty acids induced overweight. Independently of insulin resistance, polyunsaturated fatty acids increased prostate stromal and epithelial cell proliferation. Saturated fatty acids influenced only stromal cellular proliferation. These structural and morphometric alterations may be considered risk factors for the development of adverse remodeling process in the rat ventral prostate.
Highlights
Obesity is the most common cause of insulin resistance (IR) in peripheral tissue as well as adipose tissue [1]
Liang and colleagues suggest that PUFAs such as alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid may act as potential endogenous inhibitors of the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase and as inhibitors of cell proliferation [12]
The present study evaluated the effects of obesity induced by different types of high-fat diets on the morphology of the rat ventral prostate
Summary
Obesity is the most common cause of insulin resistance (IR) in peripheral tissue as well as adipose tissue [1]. IR and type 2 diabetes mellitus are considered risk factors for the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) [2,3]. BPH is the fourth most prevalent disease in the male population over the age of 50 years [4]; the etiology is multifactorial and may be affected by genetic [5], nutritional [6] and hormonal [7] factors. Obesity itself contributes to the onset of BPH and many cancers, including prostate cancer [9,10]. Previous studies have reported that polyunsaturated fatty acidsPUFAs (mainly eicosapentaenoic- EPA and docosahexaenoicDHA), which are highly unsaturated, are more susceptible to lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxides can increase the expression of the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase and the formation of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which could stimulate the growth of prostatic epithelial and stromal cells [11]. Liang and colleagues suggest that PUFAs such as alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid may act as potential endogenous inhibitors of the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase and as inhibitors of cell proliferation [12]
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