Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced degenerative, proliferative and neoplastic lesions in the liver of the medaka ( Oryzias latipes) following short-term exposure

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To test the effects of short-term exposure of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) on the liver of the medaka, groups of medaka were exposed for 48 h to relatively low (100 mg/liter), medium (200 mg/liter), and high levels (400 mg/liter) of DEN and sequential sacrifices made over a 6 month post-exposure period. Many of the lesions seen have been reported in studies using lower level, long-term exposures and included hepatocellular necrosis, spongiosis hepatis, foci of cellular alteration and benign and malignant biliary and hepatocellular neoplasms. Higher exposure levels led to increased severity and incidence of many of the lesions seen within the time frame of the study.