Dietary Variations in a Multiethnic Parkinson's Disease Cohort and Possible Influences on Nonmotor Aspects: A Cross-Sectional Multicentre Study.

Anna Sauerbier,Miriam Parry,Anette Schrag,K Ray Chaudhuri,Lynsey J Hall,Laurie K Mischley,Panagiotis Zis,Pablo Martinez-Martin

doi:10.1155/2018/7274085

Abstract

Dietary habits may differ between Parkinson's disease (PD) patients of different ethnicities. The primary aim of this cross-sectional analysis was to compare dietary habits in a multiethnic PD population and investigate potential nonmotor differences. All patients completed a dietary habits questionnaire. Besides basic demographics, patients' motor involvement (Hoehn and Yahr (HY)) and nonmotor symptoms (Nonmotor Symptoms Scale; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) were assessed. 139 PD patients were included (mean age 66.8 ± 11.6 years; 61.2% male; mean disease duration 6.2 ± 5.2 years; median HY 3): 47.5% were White, 24.5% Asian, and 28.0% Black African and Caribbean (BAC). We found dietary differences between the groups, including a greater frequency of vegetarians and greater consumption of cumin, turmeric, and cinnamon as well as lower consumption of beef in Asian patients than in White and BAC and greater consumption of chili than in White patients and higher consumption of pork in White than Asian and BAC patients. There were no significant differences in dietary supplement consumption after correction for multiple comparisons. None of the dietary factors examined were associated with differences in nonmotor symptoms. Diet and supplement use vary in PD patients across ethnicities, this is both a problem and opportunity for nutritional medicine research. These data support the importance of considering ethnic diversity as part of recruitment strategy in nutrition and clinical studies.

Highlights

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a heterogeneous disorder, with considerable phenotypic variability, which may be influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors [1]
We examined the following concepts: (1) Do dietary patterns differ between PD patients of Black African and Caribbean and Asian groups of either first or second generation resident in the United Kingdom compared to B for Asian versus (White) PD patients [10]?
Whilst our findings suggest that the majority of patients with PD in each ethnic group followed no dietary restrictions, there were dietary differences between the multiethnic PD groups: Asian patients with PD, similar to what has been reported in non-PD populations [17], significantly more frequent followed a vegetarian diet and consumed cumin, turmeric, and cinnamon than White or Black African and Caribbean patients

Summary

Introduction

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a heterogeneous disorder, with considerable phenotypic variability, which may be influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors [1]. It has been reported that patients with PD are less likely than controls to adhere to a Mediterranean diet, consume green tea, coffee, blueberries, avoid dairy products or have higher serum vitamin B6, D, and E levels. Lower adherence to this diet was associated with younger age of onset [3,4,5,6]. To date there is not sufficient evidence to recommend any specific dietary modifications to influence rate and progression of PD [9]

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Conclusion