Abstract
The effect of supplementation with 1% conjugated linoleic acid and 1% n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (CLA/n-3) was assessed in rats. Food intake increased with no difference in body weights. White adipose tissue weights were reduced whereas brown adipose tissue and uncoupling protein-1 expression were increased. Plasma adiponectin, triglyceride and cholesterol levels were reduced while leptin, ghrelin and liver weight and lipid content were unchanged. Hypothalamic gene expression measurements revealed increased expression of orexigenic and decreased expression of anorexigenic signals. Thus, CLA/n-3 increases food intake without affecting body weight potentially through increasing BAT size and up-regulating UCP-1 in rats.
Highlights
IntroductionThere is a great deal of interest in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplements that may impact on body composition and improve metabolic health
There is a great deal of interest in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplements that may impact on body composition and improve metabolic health.CLA has been reported to have widespread beneficial effects against cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes and obesity [1] and has been reported to reduce body fat mass in rodents and humans [2,3]
Supplementation with CLA plus n-3 LC-PUFA compared with control increased food intake, which became significant by the third week of diet (P = 0.038)
Summary
There is a great deal of interest in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplements that may impact on body composition and improve metabolic health. CLA has been reported to have widespread beneficial effects against cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes and obesity [1] and has been reported to reduce body fat mass in rodents and humans [2,3]. CLA appears to exert its effects on fat mass by redirecting lipid metabolism from white adipose tissue (WAT) to other tissues, predominately the liver, by increasing activity of lipolytic pathways and decreasing lipogenic pathways in WAT [3]. In obese rats a mixture of the two isomers of CLA improves insulin sensitivity, lowers glucose levels and increases adiponectin levels [6], while lean rats do not show these changes [7]. The effects of CLA in rodents are isomer specific and appear to differ markedly depending on species and adiposity
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