Dietary Preference of Newly Weaned Pigs and Nutrient Interactions According to Copper Levels and Sources with Different Solubility Characteristics.

Abstract

Simple SummaryStrategies for promoting early feed acceptance and avoiding pig rejection to new feed are a priority for maximizing their feed intake. Animal preference or aversion for a particular feed or nutrient is a behavioral expression coordinated by a complex biological system. After weaning, Cu blood level decrease, which is probably intensified by a low feed intake. This can lead to suboptimal Cu level for the normal functioning of the body. In the present study two experiments were performed to assess the pig Cu preference. In Exp.1 (dose preference) pigs were given a choice between diets supplemented with Cu at 15 mg/kg or 150 mg/kg. In Exp.2 (source preference) diets supplemented with Cu at 150 mg/kg were offered with either sulfate or hydroxychloride source. An in vitro assay was performed to determine the Cu solubility of each source in similar conditions to those found in the oral cavity and digesta. Our results show that pigs chose diets with higher Cu levels, probably to re-establish homeostasis after weaning. Pigs preferred diets with Cu hydroxychloride compared to Cu sulfate, probably due to their solubility differences. A better understanding of pig feed preferences after weaning and their feeding behavior would improve early feed acceptance.Two feeding preference experiments and an in vitro assay were performed to assess the weaned pig preference for Cu doses and sources based on their sensorial perception and on the likely post-ingestive effects of Cu. At day 7 post-weaning, a total of 828 pigs were distributed into two different experiments. In Exp.1 (dose preference) a diet with a nutritional Cu level (15 mg/kg) of Cu sulfate (SF) was pair offered with higher Cu levels (150 mg/kg) of either SF or hydroxychloride (HCl). In Exp.2 (source preference), a diet supplemented with Cu-SF at 150 mg/kg was compared to a Cu-HCl (150 mg/kg) diet. At the short-term (day 7–9) and for the entire experimental week (day 7–14), pigs preferred diets with a high Cu level than with Cu at a nutritional dose (p < 0.05). Likewise, pigs preferred diets supplemented with a Cu-HCl source compared to diets with Cu-SF (p < 0.05). In vitro assay results showed a greater solubility and interaction of Cu-SF with phytic acid compared to Cu-HCl. In conclusion, pigs chose diets with higher levels of Cu probably to re-establish homeostasis after weaning. Pigs preferred diets with Cu-HCl compared to Cu-SF probably due to their solubilities and chemical differences.