Abstract
Nutritional ingredients with defined mechanisms of action can be useful in the recovery of the body from the physical demands of a habitual training plan. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with optimized curcumin, pomegranate ellagitannins, and MSM (R + MSM) on immune-associated mRNA during early recovery (i.e., up to 8 h post-exercise) following all-out running efforts (5-km, 10-km, and 21.1-km). Subjects (N = 14) were randomized to either a supplement (R + MSM) or a control group using an open label design. The study was completed over a period of 31-day prior to a scheduled half-marathon race. Venous blood samples were collected into PAXgene tubes at baseline, subsequent samples were collected at 2, 4, and 8 h after each running effort. A 574-plex mRNA Immunology Array (NanoString) was measured for each sample and ROSALIND® Advanced Analysis Software was used to examined changes in 31 annotated immune response pathways and specific mRNA changes. The greatest change in immune pathways occurred at 2 h (GSS > 3) followed by 4 h (GSS 2–3) and 8 h (GSS 1–2). R + MSM was associated with an increase in innate immunity (CAMP, LTF, TIRAP, CR1, IL1R1, CXCR1, PDCDILG2, and GNLY) and a blunted/smaller increase in damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signaling/inflammation (TLR4, TLR5, S100A8, S100A9, and IFP35). We also found changes in immune-associated mRNA that have not been previously linked to exercise recovery (SOCS1, SOCS2, MME, CECAM6, MX1, IL-1R2, KLRD1, KLRK1, and LAMP3). Collectively these results demonstrate that supplementation with a combination of optimized curcumin, pomegranate ellagitannins, and methylsulfonylmethane resulted in changes that may improve biological recovery from all-out running efforts.
Highlights
Participating in aerobic exercise training programs results in beneficial adaptations in cardiovascular, metabolic, muscular, and immune function (Ruegsegger and Booth, 2018)
By combining high-throughput genetic techniques with ROSALIND R bioinformatics, we were able to identify 16 immune response pathways and 22 subsequent mRNA candidates whose exercise recovery response was significantly altered by supplementation with optimized curcumin, pomegranate ellagitannins, and MSM compared to control
Using a meta-analysis approach, we were able to determine that the mRNA associated with the 16 immune response pathways altered with R + MSM tended to cluster around two main biological outcomes that are important for exercise recovery: innate immune function and damageassociated molecular pattern (DAMP) signaling/inflammation
Summary
Participating in aerobic exercise training programs results in beneficial adaptations in cardiovascular, metabolic, muscular, and immune function (Ruegsegger and Booth, 2018). Many people use running as the exercise modality of choice (Lee et al, 2014). While exercise training is generally beneficial, recovery after a bout of exercise varies as a function of running speed and distance. The published literature has not established the effectiveness of any particular combination of polyphenols and organosulfur compounds that is effective across a range of exercise doses. This knowledge would be useful when incorporating these supplements into a long-term training plan as such plans generally include varying duration and intensities of exercise
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