Abstract
This systematic review of cohort studies aimed to identify any association between specific dietary patterns and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Dietary patterns involve complex interactions of food and nutrients summarizing the total diet or key aspects of the diet for a population under study. This review involves 6 cohort studies of dietary patterns and their association with colorectal cancer. An exploratory or a posteriori approach and a hypothesis-oriented or a priori approach were employed to identify dietary patterns. The dietary pattern identified to be protective against CRC was healthy, prudent, fruits and vegetables, fat reduced/diet foods, vegetables/fish/poultry, fruit/wholegrain/dairy, healthy eating index 2005, alternate healthy eating index, Mediterranean score and recommended food score. An elevated risk of CRC was associated with Western diet, pork processed meat, potatoes, traditional meat eating, and refined grain pattern. The Western dietary pattern which mainly consists of red and processed meat and refined grains is associated with an elevated risk of development of CRC. Protective factors against CRC include a healthy or prudent diet, consisting of vegetables, fruits, fish and poultry.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease
This review aims to summarize the available information on the association between dietary pattern and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC)
The summary of the findings of each article are shown in Table 1 (6 cohort studies) with the dietary pattern identified in each study
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease. CRC is the fourth most common form of cancer occurring worldwide. Colorectal cancer is more prevalent in North America, Argentina, Australia, New Zealand and parts of Europe, Japan, and Israel, and for this reason is commonly regarded as a western life-style disease. Incidence and mortality are higher in western countries, yet majority of the world’s cases of colorectal cancer occur outside of countries in which traditional western life-styles are dominant. World population growth and ageing imply a progressive increase in the cancer burden; 15 million new cases and about 10 million new deaths are expected in 2020, even if current rates remain unchanged (Ganesh et al, 2009)
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