Abstract
BackgroundColorectal cancer is the third and fourth leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality among men and women, respectively in Iran. However, the role of dietary factors that could contribute to this high cancer incidence remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine major dietary patterns and its relationship with colorectal cancer.MethodsThis case–control study was conducted in four hospitals in Tehran city of Iran. A total of 71 patients (35 men and 36 women, aged 40–75 years) with incident clinically confirmed colorectal cancer (CRC) and 142 controls (70 men and 72 women, aged 40–75 years) admitted to hospital for acute, non-neoplastic diseases were recruited and interviewed. Dietary data were assessed by 125-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between dietary patterns and risk of colorectal cancer.ResultsTwo major dietary patterns (Healthy pattern and Western pattern) were derived using principal component analysis. Each dietary pattern explained 11.9% (Healthy pattern) and 10.3% (Western pattern) of the variation in food intake, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, the Healthy dietary pattern was significantly associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (OR= 0.227; 95% CI=0.108–0.478) while an increased risk of colorectal cancer was observed with the Western dietary pattern (OR=2.616; 95% CI= 1.361-5.030).ConclusionSpecific dietary patterns, which include healthy and western patterns, may be associated with the risk of colorectal cancer. This diet-disease relationship can be used for developing interventions that aim to promote healthy eating for the prevention of chronic disease, particularly colorectal cancer in the Iranian population.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer is the third and fourth leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality among men and women, respectively in Iran
The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns and its association with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Tehran, Iran. Subjects This hospital-based case–control study was conducted from September 2008 through January 2010 in 19 CRC surgical units of the Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex and three major general hospitals (Shariati, Imam Hussein and Ayatollah Taleghani) in Tehran city, Iran
Of the four main types of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which were commonly used by respondents, only aspirin (p= 0.012) and acetaminophen (p= 0.049) were significantly different between case and control groups
Summary
Colorectal cancer is the third and fourth leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality among men and women, respectively in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine major dietary patterns and its relationship with colorectal cancer. A number of studies have assessed the relationship between diet and risk of CRC, but they mainly focused on the intake of single food items or nutrients [9,10]. Such analyses are valuable, they give inadequate information on diet and disease relationship. Most of the existing data on cancers and dietary patterns were collected from developed countries, with almost two-thirds of these surveys conducted in either North America or Europe [13]. The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns and its association with the risk of CRC in Tehran, Iran
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