Abstract
Nutrition has been identified as the primary modifiable factor The type of food, the macronutrient and micronutrient composition of the diet has distinct effects on gut microbiota and related metabolites. These impacts significantly influence mechanisms that regulate hyperglycemia and insulin resistance influencing gut microbiota remodeling and the development of T2DM. This study aimed to gather information on changes in gut microbiota composition (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) and describe the beneficial or detrimental effects, impacts, and outcomes of macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein, and fat) and fiber on gut microbiota composition in T2DM. A total of 9 English articles were obtained from the results of the literature review. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium can positively reduce the blood glucose levels. Changes in the gut microbiota and its metabolites, which are influenced by carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and fiber intake, can worsen or decrease biochemical parameters and improve complications of T2DM. The conclusion of this literature review was gut microbiota can be crucial in the future treatment of diabetes mellitus, especially in combination with other therapeutic options.
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