Dietary nutrients in edible mushroom, Agaricus bisporus and their radical scavenging, antibacterial, and antifungal effects

Abstract

The present study aims to explore the dietary nutrient levels of the edible mushroom, A. bisporus by biochemical analysis and evaluated their medicinal value in treating the human pathogenic microorganisms and free radical scavenging effects. A. bisporus mushroom exhibits a high amount of carbohydrates (41.6 ± 0.66 %) and crude proteins (39.84 ± 0.66 %). The crude fibre (8.6 ± 0.42 %), ash (8.23 ± 0.44 %), nitrogen (protein) contents (9.1 ± 0.44 %) were available at a significant level and also possessed a lesser amount of fat (1.73 ± 0.33 %). The quantitative determination of mycochemicals in A. bisporus reveals the presence of flavonoids (0.783 ± 0.03 g/100 g), phenolic content (0.441 ± 0.01 g/100 g), free amino acids (0.128 ± 0.12 g/100 g), saponin (0.121 ± 0.01 g/100 g), alkaloids (0.034 ± 0.01 g/100 g), tannins (0.027 ± 0.03 g/100 g) and vitamin C (12.8 ± 0.33 mg/g). Flame photometer and Inductivity Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) study reveals the presence of minerals viz., potassium (2925.14 ± 0.67 mg/100 g), phosphorus (1230 ± 0.67 mg/100 g), magnesium (115.05 ± 0.24 mg/100 g) and calcium (107.21 ± 0.34 mg/100 g) in A. bisporus mushroom. Moreover, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum established the presence of possible biomolecules in A. bisporus mushroom. A greater antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus (14.3 ± 0.24 mm) and Candida albicans (14.2 ± 0.12 mm) was observed compared to Streptococcus pyogenes (10.8 ± 0.12 mm), Shigella flexneri (10.8 ± 0.21 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.1 ± 0.33 mm) and Aspergillus fumigatus (11.2 ± 0.33 mm). The mushroom extract of A. bisporus have an excellent radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 12.5 µg/mL against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). This investigation revealed that A. bisporus mushroom has great potential to be used as food supplement to fight against pathogens in the near future.