Abstract
To assess the association between dietary magnesium intake and hyperuricemia in United States (US) adults, we extracted 26,796 US adults aged 20–85 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2001–2014. All dietary intake was measured through 24 h dietary recall method. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between magnesium intake and hyperuricemia after adjusting for several important confounding variables. When compared to the lowest quintile (Q1), for male, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of hyperuricemia in the second quintile (Q2) to the fifth quintile (Q5) of the magnesium intake were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.72–0.95), 0.74 (0.64–0.85), 0.78 (0.67–0.90), and 0.70 (0.58–0.84, p for trend = 0.0003), respectively. For female, OR was 0.75 (0.62–0.90) in the fourth quintile (Q4) (p for trend = 0.0242). As compared to Q4 of magnesium intake (contains recommended amount), the relative odds of hyperuricemia were increased by 1.29 times in Q1 (OR = 1.29, 1.11–1.50) in male. The ORs were 1.33 (1.11–1.61) in Q1, 1.27 (1.07–1.50) in Q2 in female. Our results indicated that increased magnesium intake was associated with decreased hyperuricemia risk. It also indicated the importance of recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of magnesium and the potential function of magnesium intake in the prevention of hyperuricemia.
Highlights
Uric acid is the ultimate product of purine metabolism
Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity; b adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, smoking status, drinking status, education background, marital status, hypertension status and diabetes status; c adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, smoking status, drinking status, education background, marital status, hypertension status, diabetes status, creatinine, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), energy intake, protein intake, total cholesterol, glucose, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides; d the lowest quintile (Q1) was regarded as the reference; e the fourth quintile (Q4) was regarded as the reference. In this cross-sectional study, we found that dietary magnesium intake was inversely associated with hyperuricemia in both male and female among United States (US) adults, after adjusting for major confounding factors, including age, race/ethnicity, smoking status, drinking status, education background, marital status, hypertension status, diabetes status, creatinine, GGT, energy intake, protein intake, total cholesterol, glucose, BMI, waist circumference, HDL-C, and triglycerides
A cross-sectional study involving 5168 subjects aged 40 years old or above in China has shown a negative association between dietary magnesium intake and hyperuricemia valid for man merely [24], which is different from our result that the inverse association between hyperuricemia and dietary magnesium intake was observed in both men and women
Summary
Uric acid is the ultimate product of purine metabolism. When the level of serum uric acid transcends the normal level, hyperuricemia occurs. Previous studies indicated that hyperuricemia increased the risk of gout, and had a close relationship with the development of hypertension, kidney disease, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cardiovascular disease [1,2,3,4,5], lipid metabolism disorders, and type 2 diabetes [6,7]. Hyperuricemia is becoming a serious public health problem and epidemiological studies had shown a growing trend in the prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout. The reported prevalence of hyperuricemia ranged from 8.9% to 24.4% in diverse populations [8,9,10,11].
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