Trends in Magnesium Intake among Hispanic Adults, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2014.

Yuhan Huang,Kimberly G Fulda,Shande Chen,Meng-Hua Tao,Qi Dai,Jialiang Liu

doi:10.3390/nu11122867

Abstract

This study aimed at examining trends in magnesium intake among U.S. Hispanic adults stratified by gender, Hispanic origins, age, and poverty income ratio (PIR) level. Data on 9304 Hispanic adults aged ≥20 years from eight National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (1999–2014) were included in this study. For each cycle, survey-weighted mean dietary and total magnesium intakes were estimated. The prevalence of dietary and total magnesium intake below the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) was further estimated stratified by gender and age groups. Linear regression was used to test trend. Over the survey cycles, both dietary and total magnesium intakes were significantly increased among Hispanic adults. In the study period, magnesium intake tended to be lower in females, adults in other Hispanic-origin group, those aged ≥65 years old, and those with a PIR <1.0. The prevalence of magnesium intake inadequacy decreased among Hispanic adults; however, more than 70% of Hispanic males and females continued to have magnesium intake below the RDA in 2013–2014. From 1999/2000 to 2013/2014, despite several improvements in magnesium intake having been identified, additional findings showed insufficient intake in Hispanic males and females, suggesting the need to improve magnesium intake through diet and dietary supplementation for U.S. Hispanics.

Highlights

Magnesium, an essential mineral, plays an important role in hundreds of physiologic activities, including energy production, lipid and glucose metabolism, and inflammation [1,2]
The proportion of Mexican American adults increased from 46.3% in 1999–2000 to 61.1% in 2013–2014, and other Hispanic adults decreased
For the daily dietary magnesium intake, the average intake significantly increased from 275.06 mg in 1999–2000 to 319.21 mg in 2013–2014, with an improvement of 16.1% in overall Hispanic adults aged ≥20 years old

Summary

Introduction

An essential mineral, plays an important role in hundreds of physiologic activities, including energy production, lipid and glucose metabolism, and inflammation [1,2]. Magnesium is involved in bone metabolism and the maintenance of physiological functions of bone and muscle [3,4]. Natural sources of magnesium include leafy green vegetables, whole grain, nuts, and milk products [6,7]. Inadequate dietary magnesium intake has been linked to various adverse health outcomes [2,6], including metabolic syndrome [8,9,10], type 2 diabetes [11,12], cardiovascular disease (CVD) [13,14], osteoporosis [15], and possibly some cancers [16,17].

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion