Dietary intake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus before and during exercise

Abstract

This study explored dietary intake in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients the day before and the day of exercise. Sixteen type 2 DM patients (12 males and 4 females), 36 to 69 years old, were recruited by purposive sampling. The estimated VO2max was determined alter subjects were tested using different speeds and grades of treadmill exercise. Subjects were then scheduled for six different treadmill sessions with an intensity at 40% or 60% estimated VO2max for 40 min, and with an intensity at 80% estimated VO2 max for 10, 20, 30, or 40 min. Subjects were requested to record 24-h dietary intake the day before and the day of each exercise session. Dietary intake was analyzed by food composition software. Results showed that the average intake was 2064 kcal/ day of which protein, fat, and carbohydrate comprised 16.4 %, 36.4 %, and 47.2 % of total energy, respectively, the day before exercise compared with 2077 kcal/day comprised of 15.8% protein, 38.4% fat, and 45.8% carbohydrate on the day of exercise. Energy and macronutrient intakes did not differ between the day before and the day of exercise in type 2 DM patients. However, fiber intake on the day of exercise significantly decreased. Subjects with a low-fat (＜ 30% of total energy) or high-carbohydrate (?55% of total energy) diet significantly increased fat intake and decreased carbohydrate intake, respectively, on the day of exercise. Therefore, it is suggested that fat and fiber intake should closely monitored in type 2 DM patients with a low-fat or high-carbohydrate diets who are exercising.