Abstract
The effects of flavonoids and copper (Cu) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been investigated separately, but no information exists about the joint associations between flavonoids and Cu on the risk of MetS in population studies. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 9108 people aged 20–75 years from the Harbin Cohort Study on Diet, Nutrition, and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (HDNNCDS) were included. Flavonoid intakes were calculated based on the flavonoid database created in our laboratory. Cu and other nutrient intakes were estimated using the Chinese Food Composition Table. Among all study subjects, a total of 2635 subjects (28.9%) met the diagnostic criteria for inclusion in the MetS group. Total flavonoids (fourth vs. first quartile, odds ratio (OR): 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66–0.90, Ptrend = 0.002) and Cu (OR 0.81, 90% CI: 0.70–0.94, Ptrend = 0.020) were inversely associated with the risk of MetS after adjusting for potential confounders. Higher flavonoid intake was more strongly associated with a lower risk of MetS with high levels of Cu intake (Pinteraction = 0.008). Dose–response effects showed an L-shaped curve between the total intake of five flavonoids and the risk of MetS. These results suggest that higher flavonoid intake is associated with a lower risk of MetS, especially under high levels of Cu intake.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, including abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia [1]
Dose–response effects showed an L-shaped curve between the total intake of five flavonoids and the risk of MetS. These results suggest that higher flavonoid intake is associated with a lower risk of MetS, especially under high levels of Cu intake
We hypothesis that ommunicable Diseases (HDNNCDS) (Trial Registration: ChiCTR-ECH-12002721 at http://www total flavonoids and Cu are all inversely associated with the risk of MetS, and their combination can hictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=6833)
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, including abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia [1]. Some diets and nutrients have been shown to play a protective role against the development of MetS [2,3]. As people’s interest in dietary life and health has increased, some diet and nutrients have been shown to play protective roles against the development of MetS, but the roles of flavonoids and copper in the MetS have not yet been clearly determined [4,5]. Flavonoids are a class of plant secondary metabolites. They are the most common group of polyphenolics in the human diet. Some studies have shown that dietary Cu intake is significantly and inversely associated with MetS [9,10,11]. The flavonoid–copper (Cu) complex was reported to have anti-tumor properties by promoting the cleavage of plasmid DNA and inducing
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