Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting 4–5% of the global population. This disorder is associated with gut microbiota, diet, sleep, and mental health. This scoping review therefore aims to map existing research that has administrated fibre-related dietary intervention to IBS individuals and reported outcomes on at least two of the three following themes: gut microbiota, sleep, and mental health. Five digital databases were searched to identify and select papers as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Five articles were included in the assessment, where none reported on all three themes or the combination of gut microbiota and sleep. Two studies identified alterations in gut microbiota and mental health with fibre supplementation. The other three studies reported on mental health and sleep outcomes using subjective questionnaires. IBS-related research lacks system biology-type studies targeting gut microbiota, sleep, and mental health in patients undergoing diet intervention. Further IBS research is required to explore how human gut microbiota functions (such as short-chain fatty acids) in sleep and mental health, following the implementation of dietary pattern alteration or component supplementation. Additionally, the application of objective sleep assessments is required in order to detect sleep change with more accuracy and less bias.
Highlights
Based on the search strategy, 146 articles were selected from the databases, with two further articles from other sources, resulting in 148 records identified for screening via COVIDENCE
During the first screening phase, 73 were excluded, leaving 55 articles to be assessed for eligibility in the second phase, where 50 articles were excluded (Figure 1)
Further exploration of the “pieces of the puzzle” around gut microbiota, sleep, mental health, and habitual diet in Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is still required. This scoping review has highlighted the lack of IBS-relevant research targeting the three themes of gut microbiota, sleep, and mental health as outcomes when administering a dietary intervention
Summary
According to the symptom-based Rome IV diagnostic criteria, IBS can be subtyped into four categories: constipation dominant (IBS-C), diarrhoea dominant (IBS-D), mixed IBS (IBS-M), and unsubtyped (IBS-U) [2]. IBS had previously been estimated to affect 11–12% of the population [3], where this figure was corrected to 4–5% following the introduction of the Rome IV criteria in 2016 [4,5], such as 4.7% of adults in the United States, 4.6% in the United Kingdom, 4.5% in Canada [4]. According to a population-based cross-sectional survey, 7.9 % of Australian adults have a self-reported medical diagnosis of IBS [6]. Research to date suggests that 44% of IBS patients have associated mental health disorders, including depression and anxiety [11,12], where
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