Abstract
Acrylamide is a probable human carcinogen, which is present in several heat-treated foods. In epidemiologic studies, positive associations with endometrial, ovarian, and renal cell cancer risk have been observed. The incidence of central nervous system tumors was increased upon acrylamide administration in drinking water to rats. In the current study, the association between dietary acrylamide intake and human brain cancer risk was investigated for the first time. In 1986, 120,852 persons (ages 55-69 years) were included in the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer. At baseline, a random subcohort of 5,000 participants was randomly selected from the total cohort for a case-cohort approach. Acrylamide intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and based on acrylamide analyses in relevant Dutch foods. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards analysis. Subgroup analyses were done for microscopically verified brain cancer, astrocytic gliomas, high-grade astrocytic gliomas, and never-smokers. The acrylamide risk estimates were adjusted for possible brain cancer risk factors. After 16.3 years of follow-up, 216 brain cancer cases were available for analysis. The multivariable-adjusted HR per 10 microg/d increment of acrylamide intake was 1.02 (95% confidence interval, 0.89-1.16). HRs were not significantly increased either when dietary acrylamide intake was analyzed as a categorical variable. Also, there was no association in the subgroups based on histology and smoking. In this prospective cohort study, acrylamide intake was not associated with brain cancer risk.
Highlights
Acrylamide has been classified as a probable human carcinogen based on animal studies [1], and is since 2002 known to be present in several carbohydrate-rich heated foods, such as French fries and potato crisps
The incidence of central nervous system tumors was increased upon acrylamide administration in drinking water in one of the two lifetime carcinogenicity studies with rats [5, 6]. In this prospective cohort study, we investigated the association between dietary acrylamide intake and human brain cancer risk
We considered 100 cases as the minimum number needed for quintile analyses, 60 for tertile analyses, and 20 for analyses with acrylamide as a continuous variable
Summary
Acrylamide has been classified as a probable human carcinogen based on animal studies [1], and is since 2002 known to be present in several carbohydrate-rich heated foods, such as French fries and potato crisps. Recent epidemiologic studies on dietary acrylamide intake and cancer risk reported positive associations with endometrial, ovarian, and renal cell cancer risk [2, 3]. The incidence of central nervous system tumors was increased upon acrylamide administration in drinking water in one of the two lifetime carcinogenicity studies with rats [5, 6]. In this prospective cohort study, we investigated the association between dietary acrylamide intake and human brain cancer risk. The incidence of central nervous system tumors was increased upon acrylamide administration in drinking water to rats. Acrylamide intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and based on acrylamide analyses in relevant
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